Stress Response and Health Breakdown - 1375 Words

Stress Response and Health Breakdown (Essay Sample) Content: STRESS RESPONSE AND HEALTH BREAKDOWNBy NameCourseInstructorInstitutionLocationDateIntroductionAngina, peripheral vascular disease and congestive heart are the primary causal factors of chronic and acute stress experienced by the 80-year-old Betty, who lives alone. Angina is a discomfort thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s brought about by inadequate intake of blood rich in oxygen to the heart muscles. Mostly it feels like a strain or a squeeze in one's chest. The discomfort may occur in one's shoulder, the arms, jaw, and neck or at the back since she lives alone at her home. For Bettyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s case, Angina is used to relieve pain and can also be used to counter angina attacks. It allows more blood and oxygen to get to the heart muscle. The peripheral vascular disease usually causes a reduction of blood circulation to body parts and the brain or the heart. The primary causal factor is atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits that narrows blood vessels or blocks them. This condit ion mostly affects the blood vessels of the legs, arms and the kidneys. To help counter such conditions, the use of statins which lowers cholesterol and antihypertensive drugs to lower the blood pressure, conversely there is the use of anticoagulants that prevents blood clots from budding. Congestive heart failure impairs the chambers of the heart and mostly develops when the heart is not able to pump blood in low volumes. Blood and the rest of the fluids back up inside the lungs, the liver, and the lower abdomen. The only way one can prevent heart failure is by keeping blood pressure low. That is through releasing hormones that cause blood vessels to constrict the heart, therefore, leading to struggles in pumping of blood through the arteries and veins.According to Burrell, Gerlach Pless (2012), physiological processes are roles and actions of living organisms that usually supports life in single or in the multicellular organisms from their origin through life development. For Bet tyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s scenario, it can cause trauma, for instance, a complex regional and chronic surgical ache. Acute pain warns one of impending danger and the fact that she stays alone in her home. Nociception highlights the normal processes of pain and their responses to noxious stimuli that could be damaging the normal tissue with time. Chronic pain affects the people's quality of life through alliterating in injury or diseases that may result from acute pain. The 80-year-old Betty functions and activities may be affected since she stays alone in her apartment like attending the local senior citizens club.If Bettyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s pain persists therefore sheà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s is likely to experience discomfort. Burn or pain across the chest that usually starts from the breastbone and the pain is likely to spread to the neck, jaw, arms, and shoulders and in the throat. Muscle pain in the legs and arms is likely to be triggered by either walking or running as a result of a peripheral vascular dise ase. Bettyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s is also likely to experience gangrene, reduced hair growth on her legs and ulcers that wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t heal. Also of concern is the congestive heart failure that comes with breath shortness, coughing spells, gaining weight easily or feel bloated and may also experience palpitations. Pain in the chest may range from unbearable to a serene discomfort. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s a likelihood of retention of fluid to occur and associated swelling especially in the legs and in the feet after a long day.Bettyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s other stressors are cellulitis, acute pulmonary oedema and dehydration. Cellulitis manifests in Bettyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s legs and consequently causes her much pain. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection that spreads beneath the skin of an individual and as a result of the spreading it can trigger swelling, redness, pain and warmth. On day three after being admitted the medical ward, she develops other signs where Betty experiences shortness of breath and some chest pains that ANGININE does not relieve whatsoever. Cellulitis is mostly caused by streptococcal infections and the fungal infections as well. The bacteria through the damaged skin such as the cut or a bite move down the skin surface causing cellulitis to develop. Bettyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s clinical examination reveals that she has an acute pulmonary oedema that is a condition caused by excess fluids in the lungs. The fluids collect in the numerous air sacs in the lungs leading to difficulties in breathing. For example the clinical assessment reveals temperature to be 37.9degrees Celsius, breathing rate is RR 36 breaths/minute, the heart beating at 120beats per minute and the blood pressure of 180/110 mmHg.Betty has a chest auscultation through revealed crackles and the pink frothy sputum she is coughing. Notably she has a bilateral peripheral pitting oedema, with cellulitis on the left lower leg as assessed by the clinic. These stressors can be managed through the use of bilevel, which is a po sitive airway pressure, and it is mostly used during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (Reid Chung, 2004). Bilevel usually delivers a preset inspiratory positive airway pressure during inspiration and the expiratory positive airway pressure; conversely it can be described as a continuous airway pressure structure with a flow cycled change of the practical pressure position. Noninvasive procedures apply to diseases that do not spread or damage other organs and tissues. The procedures involve the use of tools that do not break the skin or physically enter the body. They include x-rays, CT scan, Holter monitoring and a standard eye exam but use devices like hearing aids, external splints and casts as well.The use of ECG and cardiac monitoring is the continual monitoring of the heart activity especially by electrocardiography through the assessing the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s condition about their cardiac rhythm. The use of FRUSEMIDE for edema associated congestive heart fail ure, cirrhosis and renal ailments that include the nephritic syndrome. It is very useful whenever an agent with greater diuretic potential is required mostly for adults and pediatric patients. Frusemide applies as an adjunctive therapy, especially in severe pulmonary edema.Indwelling catheter care where the catheter drains urine from the bladder into the bag outside the body. Mostly the main reason to have an indwelling catheter is for urinary leakage and not being able to urinate or other related health problems. Betty is transferring to a high dependency unit, which is an area in the hospital located closely to the intensive care unit. Care is more pronounced than on normal wards but not necessary to the point of intensive care.Betty is under medication that includes the use of ACE inhibitor, selective beta blocker and digoxin. ACE inhibitors are medicines used mainly to treat high blood pressure and the heart failure. The inhibitors block the body from producing a chemical angio tensin II. The blood pressure rises if angiotensin enters the blood stream making the blood vessels narrower thus giving blood a less space to move in. Notably ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by reducing angiotensin II in the body, it also helps to treat heart diseases when used with other medications.Selective beta blocker is usually used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. They are also used for migraine prophylaxis, to treat anxiety, to inhibit essential tremor and lastly block the side effects of hyperthyroidism. They are also used to treat angina, to mitigate abnormal heart rhythms and reduce high blood pressure. Conversely blocking the beta receptors may lead to bronchial constriction therefore care should be taken in the use of beta-blockers for patients with respiratory conditions. Digoxin is used to treat heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms; it also helps the heart perform better and heart rate cont...

Lord Of The Flies Descriptive Essay - 1351 Words

William Golding chose to be very descriptive when writing Lord of the Flies. Golding used vivid descriptions of characters and the environment to make the readers feel like they too were stranded on the island. In the beginning of the novel Golding only gave enough information about the boys to make they separable. For example, Golding describes one boy as fair haired and the other as fat. Golding writes,† He was shorter than the fair haired boy and very fat.† As more characters were introduced Golding become more detailed with how he described the characters. With the introduction of the antagonist, Jack Merridew Golding goes through great detail describing him,†Inside of the floating cloak he was tall, thin, and bony; and his hair was†¦show more content†¦Jack makes himself out to be the smart one when he says this†I know what we need: an assembly to put things straight.†(79) Jack recognises that the children need structure in order to survive on the island with hope of eventually being rescued. Golding had to show tha t being away from civilized society had a negative effect on the boys. â€Å"The desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering.†(Golding 115) For young boys wanting to slaughter an animal is shows how grim things get in times of desperation. The novel turned to a scarier note with the death of Simon. Piggy is is denial but Ralph knows what happened,†That was murder†.(156) The boys were so afraid of an imaginary beast that they killed their friend out of fear â€Å"The island had taken everything that was childish in their lives and ripped it out. â€Å"Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of a man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.†(Golding 202) The boys have killed and maimed one another when there was no reason for it. All of the compassion had been drained out of then in the pursuit of hatred and rage. None of their lives would ever be the same as before they crashed on the island. Characters are a crucial part of any story. William Golding has a variety of personalities within the confines of British boys. The amount of difference between each characters shows how they help and hurt oneShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Human Nature Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesAlexis Wilson Ms.Tantlinger Honors English 10 2 January 2018 Final Essay Human nature is altered when there are no consequences. In the novel Lord of the Flies there are young boys stranded on an island, In order to survive the true characteristics of man come out. Some characters appear to be born angelic however some are naturally born evil. When a young boy named Roger murders a boy and rapes a pig there are no consequences. Rogers lack of remorse is then exacerbated when tossing a pebbleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 3871 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck meRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1819 Words   |  8 PagesMost of the time, the smallest detail yields the biggest impact. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Golding’s inclusion of minute details helps to strongly communicate his theme of man’s innate darkness. On the other hand, Peter Brook’s film, Lord of the Flies, lacks some of the details required to convey Golding’s message properly. Because the novel i ncludes the necessary details to convey the idea of mankind’s inner darkness and violence, the novel conveys Golding’s theme more effectivelyRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagescreates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. Lord of the Flies provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustrating the three sides of the psyche through its sharply-defined main characters. A form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meaningsRead MoreEssay on Opposites Attract in Antony and Cleopatra2750 Words   |  11 Pagesdiscusses references to Antony:    In the course of the tragedy, Antony is called the noble Antony, the courteous Antony, the firm Roman, Mars, a mine of bounty, the triple pillar of the world, the demi-atlas of this earth, the lord of lords, of infinite virtue, the crown o the earth, and the garland of the war. These are only a few of the celebratory epithets. He is also poor Antony, a libertine, the abstract of all faults that all men follow, a gorgon, a sworder,Read MoreAbout Rabha Tribe of Assam8356 Words   |  34 PagesbankroN radza. Hey lord Chamkrong Hey lord Bankrong what bend of word do you apply what word knot do you use seeing leading a happy life, sleeping in Dodan quietly of which forest storm’s king hey Chamkrong by what device ‘hey king Bankrong Dodan’s near and dear have been smashed today ousted the king with all the relatives In the dark night Attach and arrest as if your own land Hey! Lord Chamkrong you are very skilful Hey! Lord Bankrong you are very cunningRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesunder such heavy contribution later in The Aim of the Sage. Chapter 4. Since the successful use of talismans depends upon their being used in conjunction with the correct constellations, this chapter is devoted to the latter. The author gives a descriptive list of the twenty-eight mansions of the moon, according to the â€Å"Indian† system, and assigns to each its correct talisman. Analysis of the passage shows that it is a compound of â€Å"Indian† doctrines, the tenets of Dorotheus of Sidon (both attestedRead MoreLiterary Devices in Pride and Prejudice8198 Words   |  33 Pagesliterature through the work â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen. * To trace the features of Jane Austen’s style of writing * To analyze the usage of lexical stylistic devices; Carrying out our research we use the following methods: a descriptive method, the comparative analysis and a quantitative method, linguistic method of description, contextual and associate analyses. The theoretical and practical value of the research The scientific usage of the work is represented by the fundamentalRead MoreCase Studies: Sas Airline Ryanair80169 Words   |  321 Pagessad with this tragedy and wondered what would be the next sequence of events – were we will be able to travel safely again? Unfortunately fear was the key word that can best describe followed these events. Passengers were afraid and reluctant to fly. The aviation industry was badly hit and saw a heavy decrease in the number of passengers. Within this, thousands of planes became useless and are still ditched in deserts around the world, brand new airports and terminals became empty, the average Read MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagesadvertising – problems of language and culture – have become larger than ever. For example, Braniff Airlines wanted to advertise its fine leather seats. But when its advertisement was translated from English to Spanish, it told people that they could fly naked! Another example of wrong translation is when Chevrolet tried to market the Chevy Nova in Latin America. In English, the word nova refers to a star. But in Spanish, it means  «doesn`t go ». Would you buy a car with this name? To avoid

Short Story - 1608 Words

But one favour... My boss wont keep me busy long. Im just loading drill bits. - May I take you out for dinner one night? - Youre not listening. Driving together doesnt mean... Remember, Im a married woman. Dont get mad. I was just wondering. You never come to the hotel... we never see you with Charles... Are you just delivering the painting? - Pieter, I... - Youre not coming back. Its okay. It happens. - Maybe hes not shooting today. - If your mothers there... - Dont expect too much from your dad. - Hes bad at this. Hi, guys. Dont ask me how its going. Its going terribly. Welcome to the club. I wont even try taxiing today. - Wheres Kortjas? He owes me a lift. - Hes feeding the donkeys with Johanna. -†¦show more content†¦Does someone else have a key? Tony... Ive lost too much. Shes already so... I cant lose her too. - If Butterflys jewellery is in that case... - Maybe it isnt. - Maybe were just imagining it. Dammit, Tony. - Dont get weird on me. My contact only found his 6 months for petty crime, and he was a model prisoner. Hell only do a few months for attempted burglary, or hell go free. We need more than that. He cant just get away. He cant! Dammit, whats Breggies problem? She thinks with her lady parts - thats her problem. Some enchanted evening... you may see a stranger. You may see a stranger... across an empty room. The wind will start blowing, and bring us rain. I feel it in my glands. Morning, Aunt Dot. Breggie Petersen, in the flesh! Where have you been? I need a photo to recognise you. With the guest house and Johanna and all, I leave the shopping to Kortjas. Thats good. Lazy ass also needs to do something. He can thank his lucky stars that he found you. My best packer ever. - Did you win the lotto? - No, Breggie. Im serious. A packer who can read is as rare as Troffels llamas. I wrote a book. Wow, thats amazing. - Dont these miracles end? - I really did. Its this thick. - Now the wind must just bring us rain. - But I cant send it. And I cant ask Kortjas. - What do you mean send it? - Maybe Im just stupid. Think about it - all that work. I must find a publisher to hear what they say, even if its no.Show MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Parenting Styles and Culture - 1378 Words

Given the diverse cultures that can shape parenting behavior, some basic assumptions regarding the links between parenting styles and developmental outcomes may not be universal. Much research has been conducted on the different parenting styles across cultures. There are also many myths about which parenting style is the best or the most beneficial to the social development of children. Reviewing past literature on this subject matter reveals that the authoritarian parenting style produced more overt aggression and many more social interaction difficulties among young children. Recent research point to the theory that the best parenting style is dictated by the culture in which it is practiced. A study by Whaley (2000) states that†¦show more content†¦Less responsiveness (for mothers and fathers) and maternal coercion positively correlated with relational aggression. Some of these associations differed for boys versus girls. Marital conflict was also linked to more overt and relational aggression for boys. When entered into the same statistical model, more marital conflict (for boys only), more maternal coercion, and less paternal responsiveness were found to be the most important contributors to overt and relational aggression in younger Russian children. Similar to Western findings, the results of this research supports the idea that the absence of positive parenting is as important in the development of childhood behavior problems directed toward peers as is the presence of negative parenting. In terms of the development of aggression, lack of Russian paternal responsiveness and more maternal coercion remained significant contributors to overt and relational aggression, regardless of which other parenting style or marital hostility variables that they were pitted against in the regressions. Although this supports prior work concerning relationships between maternal coercion and aggression, it highlights the importance of paternal responsiveness that involves positive, playful, and engaging interactions in childrens social development. It is interesting that only maternal (and not paternal) psychological control was found to significantly correlate with RussianShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles Across Cultures2602 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits highRead MoreParenting Styles in Differnt Cultures2804 Words   |  12 PagesParenting Styles in Different Cultures Elizabeth L. Walsh Psychology 223 Parenting style is one of many factors that strongly influence child development. One’s choice of parenting style is most often molded by their cultural background. American parents use a myriad of parenting styles, all of which have their roots in various cultural beliefs about which method is best to raise a child. In 1971, clinical and developmental psychologist, Diana Baumrind, recognized three different categories ofRead MoreParenting Styles And Culture Of The Western Societies2151 Words   |  9 Pagesdiffering cultures may use the same style of child rearing methods, their results may differ. The results are dependent on other factors such as the â€Å"psychosocial environmental structure, socioeconomic factors, and population factors† (Raj Raval, 2013, p. 168, para. 2). Parenting is influenced by culture in both Western and non-Western societies (Mothander Wang, 2014). While one parenting style may be appropriate for the culture of the Western society, it may not be an effective parenting styleRead MoreParenting Styles : A Parenting Style And Made A New System For Classifying Parents848 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific parenting style. A parenting style is a psychological concept based on regular strategies that parents use while raising their children. Parenting is a complicated occupation that requires many different skills that work in concert to influence a child’s behavior. Parental responsibilities start after the birth of the first child, and they impact the child’s overall life. Parents usually develop their parenting styles based on their cultures. This situation happened because culture influencesRead MoreCross-Cultural Differences Between Asian American Parenting1397 Words   |  6 PagesBetween Asian American Parenting Styles To compare, another study, by Cindy Lin and Fu (1990) compared and contrasted the parenting styles amongst Chinese, Immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian-American parents. The study was conducted on mothers and fathers of 138 kindergarteners, and first and second graders in the USA and Taiwan. This study researched the parental authoritativeness, academic achievement, and independence encouragement amongst the two cultures, and parenting styles through the use ofRead MoreAbstract Behavioral Development Is A Crucial Part Of Human1289 Words   |  6 Pagesreliant on on many environmental factors which include one’s parents, siblings, peers, schooling and culture. According to Jacqueline J. Goodnow, these parental factors are often dependent on the culture in which the person was raised. The two parental factors that have a negative effect on a child’s behavioral and psychological development are the parents use of control and rejection. These parenting styles can lead to a child internalizing and externalizing their problems. When a child internalizesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Parenting Styles1495 Words   |  6 PagesParenting styles have been described by Diana Baumrind into four categories, authoritative, authoritarian, neglectful, and indulgent parenting (Santrok 461). Parenting styles can be defined as patterns of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. This paper will examine the different type of parenting styles as it relates to ethnicity and various cultures. What exactly is ethnicity and culture? The Oxford Dictionary defines ethnicity as â€Å"the fact or state ofRead MoreIndian Parents Changing Their Parenting Styles761 Words   |  4 PagesNot only has the lack of knowledge of culture has changed because of Indian parents changing their parenting styles, but also how the kids are not close to their families as parents change from an authoritarian to permissive parenting styles. In India, when a new child is born the full village is taking care of the child. As the child gets older, he/she is still close to the full village because he became familiar with them, and they acted like his second family, although they are probably not relatedRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Effects On Children1572 Words   |  7 PagesParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children Parents play a key role in their children’s lives, including supervision, involvement, love, support, comfort, and a wide variety of discipline and punishment. The relationship between parenting styles and child is vital and impacts the child’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Parenting involves two dimensions, demandingness and responsiveness sometimes referred to as control and warmth. With the use of these dimensions four parenting stylesRead MoreA Brief Note On Culture And Parenting Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Ibiwoye. CULTURE AND PARENTING â€Å"Mommy I won’t do it again† I stuttered loudly. I really didn’t know how serious I was about that promise, but my body definitely knew it didn’t want to receive any form of whipping again. That was the first time of getting whipped by my mom, and I was only four years old. I remember wishing death upon myself, with every stroke of my father’s belt on my body. What was I thinking when I went to the bathroom on the front porch of the house? I was probably thinking

Effects Of Smoking On The United States - 976 Words

Smoking Smoking, the drug killer number one is everywhere at this time, even government and enough information, which we can get almost everywhere cannot stop some young people. What forces young people to smoke? Why they risk their health just for cigarettes. Is it the addiction what make them smoke, or it is a societal pressure, or it is something else ? The second important question is that, what is the major and minor effect of smoking. I have many experiences with smoking, because using of this drug is everywhere and it is even worse at the place where I came from – Europe. In the United States you have some restrictions and the awareness about side effects of smoking and your situation here is a way better than in Europe. The question is why. The answer is that, in Europe we can see enormous strong pressure from the tobacco indrusty, it means people from this industry are lobbying for their interests, it includes coruption and other dishonest acts. In my opinion, the most impor tant is that, we have to inform people about side effects and how they can avoid trigger factors. The worst cause of smoking, especcialy when we talk about young people is a society pressure, everyone can imagine a situation when we were young and some â€Å"coolâ€Å" kinds come with cigarets and they looked more than adult then we felt and other kid admired them just because they did something else, but where these â€Å"coolâ€Å" kids inspired themself ? They probably saw someone who was smooking cigarette too.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Smoking On The United States1311 Words   |  6 Pagescigarette smoking is higher in the United States and kills more than 480,000 Americans each year (2015). In fact, cigarettes are harmful to smokers and nonsmoker, and the number of smokers rises day by day. Moreover, there are many harmful effects smoking has on an individual, such as heart disease, cancer, and the effect on nonsmoker and women, while it may cause an individual to feel relaxed, spend a lot of money and not be informed, it is harmful in the United States. The consequences of smoking areRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1570 Words   |  7 PagesWorld-wide efforts have increased to alarm people of the danger in consuming tobacco products, both first hand and second hand. In recent years, reports have proven a decline in smoking. However, there are still millions of people that smoke in the United State of America. As a result, the effect of smoking has become a major health risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death, disease, and disability in the USRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States905 Words   |  4 PagesPrevention (CDC), smoking kills more than 480,000 in the U.S. each year. In order to reduce this statistic, numerous controlling strategies are adopted by the government, which includes a limitation of tobacco advertising, and the prohibition of smoking in public areas. Meanwhile, several people are suffering from he alth issues caused by consumption of cigarette. It increases the risk of cancer, heart disease and stroke. These three diseases are the leading causes of death in the United States (Taylor 8)Read MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1841 Words   |  8 PagesIn the United States, tobacco use is the number one cause of preventable death. Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with many adverse health effects and 70% of adult smokers started smoking when they were adolescents. The World Health Organization’s definition of adolescence is a period of development that corresponds to the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years. This age group is vulnerable to initiate risky behaviors such as cigarette smoking. According to the Surgeon General’s reportRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States2439 Words   |  10 PagesIn the United States, tobacco smoking is by far the leading cause of lung cancer, which includes non-small cell lung cancer. About 80% of lun g cancer deaths are caused by smoking, and many others are caused by exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking is clearly the strongest risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer, but it often interacts with other factors. Smokers exposed to other known risk factors such as radon and asbestos are at even higher risk. However, not everyone who smokes gets lung cancerRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States871 Words   |  4 PagesPathogenic role of smoking has been proved by many researchers in the world and in our country. Smoking 01 cigarettes himself losing 5.5 minutes of life. The average life expectancy of people who smoke less than non-smokers from 05 to 08 years. Smoking increases the mortality rate from 30 to 80%, mainly because of cancer (lung cancer), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease.... The degree of increased risk depends on the age of starting smoking (smoking as soon as the higherRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1026 Word s   |  5 Pagescigarettes have has declined from 20.9% in 2005 to 16.8% in 2014. The evidence also suggests that smoking was noticeably ln 2014 than in 2013. Sources reported that tobacco is the leading cause of preventable disease and death. Another essential point is that it kills 28,000 people every year in New York and afflicts nearly 600,000 residents with serious injuries directed to their smoking. In addition, smoking kills half a million Americans every year and costs about $300 billion dollars a year. ConsideringRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The United States1639 Words   |  7 PagesSmoking is established as a recognized cause of cancer, lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke(US Public Health Service,1964,Doll R 1976,1994, US Department of Health and Human Services,1989).it is considered to be the single most important avoidable cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. WHO has estimated that there are about 1100 million smokers worldwide; this represents about one-third of the global population aged over 15 years (WHO,1997). About 73% of these smokersRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States2197 Words   |  9 Pagesproducts for example cigarettes while ant-smoking campaigns are the activities and rally that the tobacco industries and other institutions or organization employ to oppose or curb smoking globally, example public education. The rate of smoking globally is on the rise if the current data is to go by the youths will be the most affected compared to adults, this trend is worrying and leaves us with many questions than answers concerning the future of the nations. Smoking has been identified as one of theRead MoreEffects Of Cigarette Smoking On The United States961 Words   |  4 PagesThe facts are right there on the box; â€Å"Cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema and may complicate pregnancy.† Almost all teen smokers say they regret beginning to smoke. Most s mokers attribute the habit of smoking to the glamorization of smoking in the media, peer pressure, self-image, and easy access to tobacco; from stealing cigarettes from parents or having someone who is 18 buy the cigarettes for them. Teen smoking is on the rise and it is a problem. Cigarette smoke

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fdi in India free essay sample

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fad in India BY attitude FAD in Multi-brand Retail in India: Signs of New Resolve S Marylyn 1 Dry S Nary is Head of Research and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies (ISIS), an autonomous research institute at the National University of Singapore. He was formerly Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister of India. Dry Nary can be contacted at [emailprotected] Com. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of ISIS. In September 2012, the Government of India announced several economic policy reform measures that included a move to allow 51 per cent foreign direct investment (FAD) in multi-brand retail. In the same announcement, it relaxed norms for foreign direct investment in the aviation sector, allowing international airlines to invest in domestic peers and cleared a slew of other reform-oriented measures an increase of FAD in some broadcasting services. The issue of FAD in retail has attracted considerable political debate. The matter was first proposed by the Government in 2010, but had to be withdrawn because of political opposition. This time, the Government appears to be firm in pushing the policy through. It is possible to adduce several reasons for the determination of the Government. First, the ruling United Progressive Alliance (PUPA) Government, and in particular the Congress party, has been battered by allegations of corruption and scams all through 2012, and needs a breather to establish its authority to govern. The criticism in the foreign media and by academics that the Government has been in a state of policy paralysis, which has prevented it from taking even basic measures to improve governance, has rut its image. The crisis in coal supply for power generation and the poor progress of infrastructure projects have given the impression that executive decisions have come to a halt. On the trade front, the growing current account deficit, as well as the weakening of the rupee, has been seen as warning signals for the economy. The growing fiscal deficit, the inability to control expenditure on subsidies, and a slowing economy have caused international investors and rating agencies to downgrade expectations about the Indian economy. The latest GAP growth figures of 5. Re cent are lower than the expectations of the Government and the Reserve Bank of India alike, and the persistent inflation is hurting the entire population, especially those with fixed incomes. There was, therefore, a need to induce some confidence about the economy. In the past, the current account deficit was bridged by FAD, inflows into capital markets, and through inarticulateness. Of these, the first two had seen a sharp drop in 2010 and 2011. The equity markets were trading 30 per cent below pre-2008 crisis levels, with little appetite for fresh capital issues. FAD was dropping detailed after 2008 and dropped to 40 per cent of the 2011-12 level in the subsequent year. The high fiscal deficit was also crowding out private borrowings. In short, there was need for a correction to infuse external capital into the economy by improving the sentiment in the financial markets and by giving a signal that could restore F flows. The reform announcements of September 2012 were an attempt at that. There were other arguments as well. The retail sector in India has been growing at a combined annual growth rate of 6. Per cent over the period 1998-2010, and is estimated to be worth around RSI. 50,000 scores (IIS$ 10 billion) in 2010. However, the contribution of organized retail remains low. As against the United States, which has the organized to unrecognized ratio of 85:1 5, in India, it is only 10:90. Organized retail has been growing rapidly and is expected to have a share of 22 per cent before 2017. There are also several consumption-related growth dri vers for retail. Indians per capita income, in real terms, has doubled between 2000 and 2011, and income levels are expected to triple in nominal terms in the next 20 years. Average real household income has grown at an annual rate of 3. 8 per cent from 1985 to 2005. The middle class population as defined at an income level of RSI. 200,000 and above at the 2000- price level is expected to increase to 40 per cent of the population by 2025. Per household consumption expenditure has also doubled in the last decade along with rising income levels. The fast pace of arbitration is also changing consumption patterns. As per the United Nations state of the populations report, 40 per cent of Indians population is expected to reside in urban agglomerates by 2030. Finally, the anemographic pattern of the population, with 60 per cent of the population at 35 years or less, is driving consumption towards more modern, technologically advanced products that are the strength of modern retail outlets. In terms of the share of the various sectors in the retail industry in India, clothing and food have a share of 38. 1 per cent and 1 1. 5 per cent respectively, according to the FIEF retail report 2011. 3 As per the Indian Governments announced policy, FAD in multi-brand retail is to be allowed only in towns which have a population of more than one million, which restricts the entry to around 35 cities. The minimum amount to be brought in by the foreign player is IIS$ 100 million; 50 per cent of the total FAD brought in should be invested in back-end infrastructure such as processing, logistics, warehousing and improvements in manufacturing. Fresh agricultural products may be unbranded. FAD in multi-brand retail trading in the form of e-commerce would not be permissible. Asset creation is expected to be done primarily by the foreign player. The advantage, from the Governments point of view, is an increased opportunity for employment. It is estimated that organized retail has created over 1. Million Jobs in the period 2005-2009. The quality of employment is also superior to the opportunities in the unrecognized sector. The organized sector would make a higher contribution to tax revenues through increased VAT and eventually, SST revenues. From the point of view of customers, they are likely to get better products, lower defective items, increased choice and quality of products, and the availability of global products in local markets. For the farmers, there would be a reduction in the level of intermediaries, improvement in supply chain management, requisite infrastructure n cold chain, warehousing and transportation logistics, technological improvements in crop production, and rational and fair pricing of products. The limitation of applicability to cities with a population of one million or more implies that this would be applicable only to 35 cities in 15 states. These are Andorra Pradesh, Briar, Delhi, Gujarat, Harlan, Shorthand, Karakas, Kraal, Madhya Pradesh, Maharajahs, Punjab, Restaurants, Tamil Nadia, Attar Pradesh and West Bengal. It is also stipulated in the policy that State Governments and Union Territories would be free to take their win decisions in regard to the implementation of the policy. In perspective, this policy appears to have several significant positives. It is an executive decision, well within the purview of the executive, with no need for parliamentary approval. First, on the economic side, this would lead to modernization of retail and investment in technology, logistics and the value chain. Second, there would be opportunities of greater, higher quality of employment. Third, multiplier effects can be had in the domestic economy in the fields of warehousing, transportation and ancillary activities. Fourth, this opens up opportunities for improving the quality of employment in these sectors. Fifth, there is an assurance of greater revenue manipulation. Sixth, this would lead to more inward capital flows and investments. Against this backdrop, there has been strong opposition to the move and political parties are lined up to oppose the move. One of the members of the PUPA, the Traditional Congress, has walked out of the alliance on this issue, leaving the Government technically in parliamentary minority, though they have the outside support of two major parties from Attar Pradesh. 4 The opposition puts forth several arguments. First, that unrecognized retail in India is run by a large number of small entrepreneurs who serve the immediate neighborhood, and who would be driven out of business by the advent of large supermarkets. There is evidence that this has happened in some states in the US and in smaller towns in the United Kingdom and Australia. The small stores would not have the technological capability or the financial muscle to compete on equal terms with the large retail chains, and hence would be at a disadvantage. The strength of small retail lies in familiarity with the customer, that enables credit transactions to aka place and provides for customer conveniences like small quantities and home delivery, which would not be possible from a large retail chain. Further, the very nature of large retail investment would require large real estate space, requiring transportation and higher transaction volumes. Therefore the concept is elitist, available only to a select few in the higher income ranges, and not of use to the common man, who constitutes of over 50 per cent of the rural and small-town consumers. So runs the argument. Secondly, it is contended that farmers would be at a disadvantage. The large retailers would be in a position to enforce supply contracts that would push farm prices down, thus affecting farmers incomes. Third, the tendency to stock mass-manufactured goods would lead to more imported goods being on offer, to the disadvantage of local manufacturers. Finally, the smaller retail stores are able to offer employment to even unskilled workers, of whom there are plenty in India. The employment requirement in large multi-brand retail stores would be for the better skilled, thus driving the poorer out of employment. These are some of the other arguments being advanced. Existing traders are lobbying hard with their own state governments against the introduction of FAD in retail. At the same time, large local retailers, who have multi-brand shops, do not also want the international names to come in, as they fear they would not be able to meet the competition. At the level to media, and even at the political level, these arguments are more in the realm of opinions and estimation, and not based on any hard analytical evidence. Firstly, the FAD retail shops would be set up in only 35 towns in the country, thus leaving most of the smaller retail shops untouched. Further, even in the larger urban centre, the requirement of real estate for these large stores is likely to be such that only a small number would be set up in each town. The advent of modern malls and composite shopping centre has not, in the last decade, disturbed local shopping habits or shopping centre. Rather, it has catered to a different class of young, urban consumers who are looking for products that are usually not available at traditional retail stores. It is also difficult to argue that retailing in India does not need to modernism, along with the economy, and that modern warehousing, inventory engagement and efficient logistics will not be of advantage to the consumer. Finally, it is also curious that there is little objection to multi-brand retail if it is owned by Indian retailers; the objection is only to FAD in retail. Perhaps this is because local large retailers do not want to face international brand competition. It is also 5 curious that there is little objection to FAD in single-brand goods. The fear of mom and pop stores being displaced and branded retail taking over the entire retail segment is perhaps overstated. It is of course possible that the arguments are entirely in the realm of politics. No doubt the strong lobbies of the existing small retailers as well as the established Indian multi-brand retailers are adding to the fervor of the arguments, but the epicenter of the issue appears to be the political scene. Currently, the PUPA has lost a major ally in the Look Saba, key lower house of national Parliament, and depends on the support of Samizdat Party and Bauhaus Assam Party, two opposing parties in Attar Pradesh (against both of whom the Congress fought in the recent state elections). In the upper house, the Raja Saba, the Government does not have the numbers for the vote. The ruling alliance, as already mentioned, has been weakened in 2012 by complaints of non-performance and a number of allegations of corruption: it is perhaps natural for the opposition parties to press home their advantage when the PUPA is weak. There is little to be achieved as the FAD decision is an executive decision, unlikely to bring down the Government. So, this political tussle would only reveal the combination of political forces and allies in a kind of muscle-flexing for the next General elections, now slated for in 2014 in the normal course. The downside would be that international inference in governance in India would be further weakened, and in fact, may lead to reluctance to invest in India. It is therefore vital that the Government should sail through these discussions and win a decisive vote in Parliament FAD in Retail sector in India: How does this affect you? Health Lifestyle by Editor Retailing defines the direct interface between the manufacturers and the end users who are basically individual consumers. The retail business owners stock up all goods after purchasing it directly from the manufacturers and then sell it to individual customers keeping a profit margin for themselves. Of late the retailing industry in India NAS bloomed Witt much coveted success causing positive impact on the national economy. As per the recent revelations by the popular International Management Consultancy AT Carney, India has been considered the second most lucrative destinations of the world for retail business. Read what is FAD and buzz around it In India, retailing industry is segregated into two classes- organized retailing and unrecognized retailing. Organized retailing entails trading conducted by licensed retailers and unrecognized retailing includes all types of low cost trading like local shops, small roadside stores ND temporary shops or door to door selling of various goods. Until now, according to the Indian retailing laws, Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail market was prohibited. But government is thinking to open the FAD in retail in India which implies that foreign investment in retailing is possible up to 51%. Now the announcement of retail FAD in India has triggered a series of debates on both positive and negative notes and become political issue. So lets discuss these things, what all this meaner to you through advantages and disadvantages: Advantages of FAD in retail sector in India: Growth in economy: Due to coming of foreign companies new infrastructure will be build, thus real estate sector will grow consequently banking sector, as money need to be required to build infrastructure would be provided by banks. Job opportunities: Estimates shows that this will create about alack Jobs. These career opportunities will be created mostly in retail, real estate. But it will create positive impact on others sectors as well. Read about career options in Retail sector.. Benefits to farmers: In most cases, in the retailing business, the intermediaries have dominated the interface between the manufacturers or producers and the consumers. Hence the farmers and manufacturers lose their actual sha re of profit margin as the lions share is eaten up by the middle men. This issue can be resolved by FAD, as farmers might get contract farming where they will supply to a retailer based upon demand and will get good cash for that, they need not to search for buyers. Benefits to consumers: Consumer will get variety of products at low prices compared to market rates, and will have more choice to get international brands at one place. Lack of infrastructure in the retailing chain has been one of the common issues in India for years which has led the process to an incompetent market mechanism. For example, in spite of India being one of the largest producers of vegetables and fruits, lack of proper count of cold storages has significantly affected the selling of these perishable items. FAD might help India overcome such issues by channeling the resources in the right manner. In the last years, the Public distribution system is proved to be significantly ineffective. In spite of the fact that the government arranged for subsidies, the food inflation has caused its negative impact continuously and it can be handled by FAD. Disadvantages of FAD in retail sector in India: According to the non-government cult, FAD will drain out the countrys share of revenue to foreign countries which may cause negative impact on Indians overall economy. The domestic organized retail sector might not be competitive enough to tackle international players and might loose its market share. Many of the small business owners and workers from other functional areas may lose theorists, as lot of people are into unrecognized retail business such as small hops. However the government is quite stringent on this issue and determined to allow FAD in India. The actual impacts would be observed over time and till then the laymen have nothing but to hope for the best! Walter Lobbying and Political Corruption in Retail FAD: Recent reports presented by Walter to US Gobo. Revealed that it spend RSI. 125 cry in lobbying Indian lawmakers to get access to Indian market. These facts are serious, if Gobo. Is doing all this in favor of bribery and money then results might not be good as it is projected. Since Walter will continue to McCollum things in their favor by bobbing and bribery as political corruption is well known in Indian politics. They can be purchased easily. Showing Results For disadvantages fide in retail DIP circulates Cabinet note on relaxing FAD norms for housing sector 16 Seep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pick] New Delhi: The Commerce and Industry Ministry has circulated a draft Cabinet note on relaxing FAD norms for the housing sector, which proposed easing the three-year lock-in period among other things. DIP, Cabinet note, FAD norms, housing sector, FAD guidelines, RIB notifies definition of control in context of FAD 14 seep 2013 Iambi: The Reserve Bank notified the definition of term control in relation to foreign direct investment and revised the list of states where FAD is permitted in multi-brand retail. RIB, FAD, RIB notification, RIB policy, Reserve Bank, multi- brand retail, Government notifies changes in FAD policy, paves way for larger overseas investments 12 Seep 2013 New Delhi: The government has notified changes in the FAD policy, paving the way for larger overseas investments in sectors such as multi-brand retail and telecoms. FAD policy, FAD notification, India FAD policy, overseas investments, Foreign investment, FEM. regulations, Malls to contribute 35 percent of modern retail sales by 2016, says report 11 Seep 2013 Iambi: With popularity of mall culture on the rise, these swanky shopping centre are expected to contribute to more than a third (35 per cent) of the modern retail sales in the next three years, says a report. Alls, shopping, retail, sales, India, No case for Indians rating downgrade by global agencies: Ranging 13 Seep 2013 New Delhi: Government has already taken a host of reform measures and there is no case for any downgrade of Indians sovereign rating by global agencies, Prime Ministers key economic advisor C Ranging said. C Ranging, India rating downgrade, India growth projection, Prime Ministers key economic advisor, Indian economy, FAD , Walter India plans possibly at final stage, says government official 31 Gag 2013 New Delhi: Global retail giant Walter is expected to soon firm up its plan to foray into Indians multi-brand sector, a top government official on Friday said. Walter, FAD, Foreign Direct Investment, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotions, Walter Asia Chief Scot, multi brand retail, Formation of Civil Aviation Authority crucial for development: Survey 09 Seep 2013 New Delhi: Liberalized FAD norms have the potential to put the aviation sector on the growth track but taxation issues are major impediments for the industry, a survey has found. Civil Aviation Authority, FAD, Indian civil aviation sector, relaxation in FAD, Aviation sector, taxation, India Inc hails relaxation in multi-brand retail norms 02 Gag 2013 New Delhi: Hailing governments announcement to relax investment norms in multi- brand retail and raising FAD caps in several sectors, India Inc said that the reforms were much-needed and will boost the confidence of foreign investors which will help in reviving the economy. FAD in retail, FAD in India, Changes in FAD norms, FAD inflow in India, FAD caps, Government to further liberalize FAD policy, says Academician 31 July 2013 New Delhi: Faced with sliding rupee, Finance Minister P Academician on Wednesday said government will further liberalize the FAD policy and encourage public sector undertakings to raise funds from overseas markets.

Strategic Management Analysis of Woolworths- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management Analysis of Woolworths for HomeShop. Answer: Introduction Woolworths is an organization of Australian origin which operates in the industry of supermarkets. The chain of supermarkets is owned by Woolworths Limited and it was founded in the year 1924. The organization mainly specialises in the selling of groceries, magazines, beauty and health products, household products, baby products and pet products. Woolworths operates around 1000 stores all over Australia and 19 additional convenience stores as well. The organization has been able to acquire around 80% of the entire market of Australia. Woolworths has also started its online operations which is also known by the name of HomeShop (Woolworths.com.au 2018). The three major key performance indicators or priorities of Woolworths are, The positive culture in the stores of Woolworths and the providing high levels of customer service. The customer satisfaction levels are a part of the incentive plans that are provided to employees. The company aims to generate the momentum of sales in the food related sector. Woolworths is also planning to lower the prices of its products so that they can attract more customers. The stable merchandising platform of Woolworths has helped the company in increasing its revenues. The process of human capital management is live in the stores of Woolworths. The improvement of end-to-end process has also improved the performance of Woolworths (Albrecht, Holland Peters, 2016). Internal environment analysis The resources, core competencies and capabilities of Woolworths Resources The major resources of Woolworths mainly include the employees of the organization who are responsible for providing the highest levels of satisfaction to the customers. The inventory that is possessed by the company and the distribution related capabilities of Woolworths will further act as the most important resource for Woolworths (Chatzoglou et al., 2017). Core competencies The core competencies of Woolworths include the world-class supply chain of the organization and ways by which it decreases the time of production. The brand value and the market position of Woolworths has helped the organization in gaining a sustainable position in the market. The innovation related capabilities of Woolworths has further been helpful in creating a competitive position in the market. The sales and marketing related capabilities of Woolworths are also a part of the core competencies of the organization (Cosic, Shanks Maynard, 2015). Capabilities The capabilities of an organization are mainly related to the coordination of resources by putting them into use. Woolworths has been running its business operations quite successfully since the time of its inception in the year 1924. This depicts that Woolworths has the capabilities to use the resources in an effective and efficient manner (Gereffi Lee, 2016). VRIO Analysis VRIO analysis is an analytical tool which is used for the purpose of evaluating the internal resources that are possessed by an organization. The tool mainly analyses the capabilities of the organization and the competitive advantage or the weaknesses of the company in the industry. The various types of resources that are analysed with the help of VRIO framework are financial resources, material resources, human resources and non-material resources. VRIO is the abbreviation that is used for four particular factor of analysis which are, value, rareness, imitability and organization (Knott, 2015). Value Woolworths has high value in the retail market and it has a strong global presence as well. The global presence and brand value of the company is considered to be one of its most important assets. This has helped the organization in increasing its size, market share and sales in the industry. Woolworths has been operating in the Australian market for many years which has enabled the organization to gain a position in the industry and create its own value (Lin Tsai, 2016). Rare Woolworths is mainly known in the Australian market for the production and supply of fresh food items. Manty other organizations in the market also claim to provide these products, however Woolworths has been able to gain a trust in the minds of Australian citizens regarding the quality of its products. Many products that are offered by Woolworths in the market are rare in nature and are not easily found in the stores of the other organizations. The wide range of products that are offered by Woolworths are a major advantage that is gained by the company in the industry (Lin Wu, 2014). Imitability The revenues that are generated by Woolworths and the position that the organization hold in the market has been unique in nature. The competitors of the company in the Australian retail market like. Coles, Distributors and Aldi have not been successful in imitating the company in all its aspects and gain a competitive position in the market. This has provided Woolworths a shield from getting totally imitated by the other companies in the market. Organization Woolworths has been taking constant advantage of the capabilities and the core competencies that it possesses. The company has more than 300 stores in entire Australia and New Zealand and employs more than 1,00,000 people in all its branches, stores and facilities. The innovation related skills of the company have also been helpful in creating a strong image of its brand (Los, Timmer Vries, 2015). Value chain analysis of Woolworths Woolworths has been able to create a valuable position in the market with the help of its various value chain related activities that are discussed further, Inbound logistics The suppliers of Woolworths are spread in thousands of businesses on a global platform. The organization is heavily dependent on its suppliers for the purpose of gaining the best products that can be supplied to the customers. The management prices of the products are easier for Walmart as it purchases products in bulk from the suppliers. The company is able to exert pressure on the suppliers based on the financial position of the business in the industry (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Operations Woolworths has its operations in the retail sector and this industry has been growing steadily for many years. Woolworths has also been able to expand its operations and revenues with the help of its extensive operations in all the markets. Outbound logistics The core of the inventory management related technique of Woolworths is related to the successful management of its supply chain related activities. The products are delivered by the suppliers to the stores in such a manner so that the costs related to these activities are low. The products are replenished on an immediate manner so that the customers do not have to wait for a long time (Taglioni Winkler, 2016). Sales and marketing The pricing strategy of Woolworths is considered to be the key element related to the success of its marketing activities. The company has been investing a lot in the marketing activities and promotes its brands with the help of many different marketing channels. Technology Woolworths has made extensive use of technology to improve the offline or store sales related processes. The online processes have also been improved by developing the website of the company and adding more features (Xu et al., 2016). Human resource management Woolworths has been successful in creating an employee base which consists of the best of people. The recruitment process of the company is transparent in nature and the candidates are treated in a fair manner. Procurement The procurement and supply chain related activities of Woolworths have efficient in nature. The company has introduced a world-class approach to manage the supply chain activities and offer the products to the customers in time. Infrastructure Woolworths has a huge infrastructure which includes the various departments like, human resources, supply chain and many more. The management of employees of Woolworths is also performed in an efficient and successful manner (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Organizational culture The organizational culture of Woolworths consists of two major factors which are integrity and hard work. The company follows a down-to-earth culture in which the employees celebrate the values of the organization which are family-friendly in nature. The business operations are mainly led by the customers and their needs and demands. The customers are always at the heart of the decisions that are made by the company (Woolworths.com.au, 2018). Strategic issues in Woolworths The major strategic issue that was faced by Woolworths in the recent years was related to the high prices of the products as compared to its competitors. The company had been showing slow growth due to the prices that had been decided for its products in the market. The company has changed its strategy of focussing on short-term profits and have been able to sacrifice these profits for long-term profit growth. The liquor and food business of the company has not shown growth in the recent times which has further led to changes in the leadership and management (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Conclusion The report can be concluded by stating that Woolworths has been successful in the retail market of Australia and New Zealand. The internal resources of the organization have been analysed based on VRIO and Value chain framework. The analysis has depicted that Woolworths has huge capabilities and resources to grow in the retail market and increase its international presence as well. The company has however faced some strategic issues that the management has tried to solve to increase the revenues in the market. References Albrecht, C., Holland, D., Peters, M. (2016). Strategic revenue analysis.Strategic Direction,32(7), 32-34. Chatzoglou, P. D., Chatzoudes, D., Sarigiannidis, L., Theriou, G. (2017). The role of firm-specific factors in the strategy-performance relationship: revisiting the resource-based view of the firm and the VRIO framework.Management Research Review, (just-accepted), 00-00. Cosic, R., Shanks, G., Maynard, S. B. (2015). A business analytics capability framework.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,19. Gereffi, G., Lee, J. (2016). Economic and social upgrading in global value chains and industrial clusters: Why governance matters.Journal of Business Ethics,133(1), 25-38. Knott, P. J. (2015). Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?.Management Decision,53(8), 1806-1822. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L. (2016). Achieving a firms competitive advantage through dynamic capability.Baltic Journal of Management,11(3), 260-285. Lin, Y., Wu, L. Y. (2014). Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.Journal of business research,67(3), 407-413. Los, B., Timmer, M. P., Vries, G. J. (2015). How global are global value chains? A new approach to measure international fragmentation.Journal of Regional Science,55(1), 66-92. Schroeder, A., Kotlarsky, J. (2015). Digital resources and their role in advanced service provision: A VRIN analysis. Taglioni, D., Winkler, D. (2016).Making global value chains work for development. World Bank Publications. Woolworths.com.au (2018).Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/ Xu, L., Gao, S. Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, H. F., Yu, H., Song, C. Y. (2016). Strategic Human Capital in Organization: Frontier Review, Prospective Commentary, and Guiding Framework. InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2015(pp. 85-98). Atlantis Press, Paris.